![]() Other English terms, now virtually obsolete, are fluter (15th–19th centuries) and flutenist (17th and 18th centuries). Flautist was used in 1860 by Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Marble Faun, after being adopted during the 18th century from Italy ( flautista, itself from flauto), like many musical terms in England since the Italian Renaissance. Flutist dates back to at least 1603, the earliest quotation cited by the Oxford English Dictionary. Ī musician who plays any instrument in the flute family can be called a flutist, flautist, or flute player. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, this was in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Hous of Fame, c. ![]() The first known use of the word flute was in the 14th century. Attempts to trace the word back to the Latin flare (to blow, inflate) have been pronounced "phonologically impossible" or "inadmissable". The English verb flout has the same linguistic root, and the modern Dutch verb fluiten still shares the two meanings. The word flute first appeared in the English language during the Middle English period, as floute, flowte, or flo(y)te, possibly from Old French flaute and Old Provençal flaüt, or possibly from Old French fleüte, flaüte, flahute via Middle High German floite or Dutch fluit. The transverse flute had spread into Europe by way of Germany, and was known as the German flute. Transverse flutes entered Europe through Byzantium and were depicted in Greek art about 800 AD. The end-blown flute began to be seen in illustration in the 11th century. Īccording to historian Alexander Buchner, there were flutes in Europe in prehistoric times, but they disappeared from the continent until their arrival from Asia, by way of "North Africa, Hungary, and Bohemia". In India, the cross flute appeared in reliefs from the 1st century AD at Sanchi and Amaravati from the 2nd–4th centuries AD. The Indian bamboo cross flute, Bansuri, was sacred to Krishna, who is depicted with the instrument in Hindu art. He said that religious artwork depicting "celestial music" instruments was linked to music with an "aristocratic character". The cross flute (Sanskrit: vāṃśī) was "the outstanding wind instrument of ancient India", according to Curt Sachs. ![]() ![]() Of these, the bamboo chi is the oldest documented transverse flute. The oldest written sources reveal the Chinese were using the kuan (a reed instrument) and hsio (or xiao, an end-blown flute, often of bamboo) in the 12th–11th centuries BC, followed by the chi (or ch'ih) in the 9th century BC and the yüeh in the 8th century BC. Flutes have been discovered in historical records and artworks starting in the Zhou dynasty. The bamboo flute has a long history, especially in China and India. The Americas also had an ancient flute culture, with instruments found in Caral, Peru, dating back 5000 years and in Labrador dating back approximately 7500 years. A playable bone flute discovered in China is dated to approximately 9000 years ago. While the oldest flutes currently known were found in Europe, Asia also has a long history with the instrument. A number of flutes dating to about 53,000 to 45,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Jura region of present-day Germany, indicating a developed musical tradition from the earliest period of modern human presence in Europe. Paleolithic flutes with hand-bored holes are the earliest known identifiable musical instruments. A musician who plays the flute is called a flautist or flutist. In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification system, flutes are edge-blown aerophones. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute produces sound when the player's air flows across an opening. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group.
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